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Additional Mapping

For Shift-less Entry

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
eaEEഗ്രേറ്റ്great
oaOOസോപ്soap
ട്ടtttaTTA, VIRAMA, TTAകട്ടkattta
tthaTTHAകണ്ഠംkanttham
dtaDDAവീഡിയോveedtiyoa
dthaDDHAഗൂഢംgoodtham
nhaNNAആണ്aanh`
zaSHAശരംzaram
lhaLLAഇളilha

The Letter n can be in Some Conjuncts

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
ണ്ടnttaNNA, VIRAMA, TTAകണ്ടംkanttam
ണ്ഠntthaNNA, VIRAMA, TTHAകണ്ഠംkanttham
ഷ്ണshnaSSA, VIRAMA, NNAകൃഷ്ണkrshna

For Minimum Keystrokes

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
caCAചാടിcAtti
faPHAഫാൻfAn
qaKHAഖത്തർqaTHar
ക്സxaKA, VIRAMA, SAഎക്സ്റേexRE
ച്ഛChaCA, VIRAMA, CHAഅച്ഛൻaChan
FaBHAഭാഷFaasha
QaGHAമേഘംmEQam
ക്ഷXaKA, VIRAMA, SSAആക്ഷൻAXan
ZaLLLAവ്യാഴാഴ്ചvyAZAZca

Corresponding Minimization in Conjuncts, for Shift-less Input

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
ങ്കnkaNGA, VIRAMA, KAമങ്കmanka
ഞ്ചncaGYA, VIRAMA, CAപുഞ്ചpunca
ഞ്ചnchaGYA, VIRAMA, CAപുഞ്ചpuncha
ഞ്ഛnchhaGYA, VIRAMA, CHAവാഞ്ഛvAnchha
ച്ചchcaCA, VIRAMA, CAപൂച്ചpoochca
ച്ഛcchaCA, VIRAMA, CHAപുച്ഛംpuccham
ത്തthtaTA, VIRAMA, TAഅത്തംathtam
ള്ളllhaLLA, VIRAMA, LLAഉള്ളullha

For Consistency

Long form of the vowels with additional a:

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
aaAAആമaama
eaEEഗ്രേറ്റ്great
iaIIഈട്iaT
oaOOസോപ്soap
uaUUഊട്uaT

For Naturalness

Vowel Mappings

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
eeIIഹീൽheel
ooUUപൂൾpooL
aeEEആൽഗേAlgae
eiAIഐൻസ്റ്റൈൻeinstein
ouAUസൗത്ത്souTH

Consonant and Conjunct Mappings

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
waVAവെബ്web
ണ്ടNtaNNA, VIRAMA, TAചെണ്ടcheNta

Repetition = Upper-Casing = Gemination

Repetition and upper-casing are equivalent and means gemination (vowel elongation or consonant doubling), if it does not conflict with the basic mapping.

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
aaAAആസിഡ്aasiD
AAAആസിഡ്AsiD
ബ്ബbbaBA, VIRAMA, BAറബ്ബർrrabbar
ബ്ബBaBA, VIRAMA, BAറബ്ബർRaBar
ച്ചccaCA, VIRAMA, CAകൊച്ചിkocci
ച്ചCaCA, VIRAMA, CAകൊച്ചിkoCi
ച്ചchchaCA, VIRAMA, CAകൊച്ചിkochchi
ച്ചCHaCA, VIRAMA, CAകൊച്ചിkoCHi
ഗ്ഗggaGA, VIRAMA, GAവർഗ്ഗീസ്varggiis
ഗ്ഗGaGA, VIRAMA, GAവർഗ്ഗീസ്varGIs
iiIIഈജിപ്ത്iijipth
IIIഈജിപ്ത്Ijipth
ജ്ജjjaJA, VIRAMA, JAഹജ്ജ്hajj
ജ്ജJaJA, VIRAMA, JAഹജ്ജ്haJ
ക്കkkaKA, VIRAMA, KAസർക്കാർsarkkaar
ക്കKaKA, VIRAMA, KAസർക്കാർsarKAr
മ്മmmaMA, VIRAMA, MAമമ്മൂട്ടിmammuuttti
മ്മMaMA, VIRAMA, MAമമ്മൂട്ടിmaMUTTi
ഞ്ഞnjnjaNYA, VIRAMA, NYAമഞ്ഞ്manjnj
ഞ്ഞNJaNYA, VIRAMA, NYAമഞ്ഞ്maNJ
ങ്ങngngaNGA, VIRAMA, NGAമൂങ്ങmuungnga
ങ്ങNGaNGA, VIRAMA, NGAമൂങ്ങmUNGa
പ്പppaPA, VIRAMA, PAറിപ്പോർട്ട്rrippOrtt
പ്പPaPA, VIRAMA, PAറിപ്പോർട്ട്RiPOrTT
RaRRAപറpaRa
rraRRAപറparra
ഋക്RkVOCALIC RഋണംRNam
ഋക്rrkVOCALIC RഋണംrrNam
TaTTAകടkaTa
അടattaTTAകടkatta
ത്തththaTA, VIRAMA, TAതത്തthaththa
ത്തTHaTA, VIRAMA, TAതത്തthaTHa
uuUUന്യൂസ്nyuus
UUUന്യൂസ്nyUs
വ്വvvaVA, VIRAMA, VAസർവ്വീസ്sarvviis
വ്വVaVA, VIRAMA, VAസർവ്വീസ്sarVIs
വ്വwwaVA, VIRAMA, VAസർവ്വീസ്sarwwiis
വ്വWaVA, VIRAMA, VAസർവ്വീസ്sarWIs
യ്യyyaYA, VIRAMA, YAഅയ്യപ്പൻayyappan
യ്യYaYA, VIRAMA, YAഅയ്യപ്പൻaYaPan

Doubling of (NGA) and (NYA) in Medial Position

The sequence ng produces ങ് and nj produces ഞ് if it is typed after a vowel and is not followed by a consonant.

At the same time, ngng produces ങ്ങ് and njnj produces ഞ്ഞ്. To produce singular form in those cases, prefix - (dash), by forcing it to be at word initial position. Examples:

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
ngaNGAങ്യാവൂngyaavoo
അങ്ങangaA, NGA, VIRAMA, NGAഅങ്ങനെangane
അങ്ങangngaA, NGA, VIRAMA, NGAഅങ്ങനെangngane
അങa-ngaA, NGAപിങ്പോങ്pi-ngpO-ng
ങ്ഗnggaNGA, VIRAMA, GAശാർങ്ഗSaarngga
njaNYAഞാൻnjaan
അഞ്ഞanjaA, NYA, VIRAMA, NYAമഞ്ഞ്manj
അഞ്ഞanjnjaA, NYA, VIRAMA, NYAമഞ്ഞ്manjnj
അഞa-njaA, NYAകൈഞരമ്പ്kai-njaramp
ജ്ഞjnjaJA, VIRAMA, NYAജ്ഞാനംjnjaanam
ഞ്ജnjjaNYA, VIRAMA, JAഅഞ്ജനംanjjanam

tട് in Consonant Conjuncts

The letter t becomes instead of the default റ്റ in the following exception cases:

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
ട്ടtttaTTA, VIRAMA, TTAവട്ടംvatttam
ണ്ടNtaNNA, VIRAMA, TTAവെണ്ടveNta
ഷ്ടshtaSSA, VIRAMA, TTAഇഷ്ടംishtam
അർടartaCHILLU RR, VIRAMA, TTAആർട്സ്Arts
ട്രttraTTA, VIRAMA, RAസ്ട്രീറ്റ്street

Contextual forms using r and R

Generally, r favors , ്ര and , while R favors and .

  • r becomes:
    • when a vowel follows it. Example: riരി
    • in a standalone position or following a vowel. Example: karകർ
    • ്ര if between a consonant and a vowel. Example: kriക്രി
    • If ്ര is not viable for the given consonant, produce full . Example: yraയ്‌ര
  • r becomes:
    • before or after a vowel. ARആറ്; RAറാ
    • in rest of the cases
  • r becomes `ഋ`, aiding minimum key Shift-less input, when:
    • Word initial position before a consonant. Example: rshaഋഷ
    • Word ending position after a consonant. Example: thrതൃ
    • Between two consonants. Example: krmaകൃമ
    • Except, when second consonant is . Example: nthryaന്ത്ര്യ
    • rr acts as R.
MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
raRAരണ്ട്raNT
കൃkrKA, VOCALIC Rപിതൃpithr
ക്രkraKA, VIRAMA, RAപ്രക്രിയprakriya
ൽരlraCHILLU L, RAഅയൽരാജ്യംayalraajyam
ന്രnraNA, VIRAMA, RAന്രസ്ഥിnrasthhi
യ്‌രyraYA, VIRAMA, ZWNJ, RAകൊയ്‌രാളkoyraaLa
കർkarKA, CHILLU RRവർഷംvarsham
rCHILLU RRർർർr-r-r
ഋകrkaVOCALIC R, KAഋതുrthu
കൃഗkrgaKA, VOCALIC R, GAപ്രവൃത്തിpravrthti
ക്ര്യkryaKA, VIRAMA, RA, VIRAMA, YAസ്വാതന്ത്ര്യsvaathanthrya
RaRRAപറpaRa
കറ്kaRKA, CHILLU RR, VIRAMAസാറ്saaR
കൃkRKA, SIGN VOCALIC RനിരൃതിnirRthi
RVOCALIC RഋഷിRshi
ക്റkRaKA, VIRAMA, RRAഎക്സ്റേexRE
യ്റyRaYA, VIRAMA, RAകെയ്റോkeyRO
ൻറnRaCHILLU N, RRAഎൻറോൾenROL
കൃഗkRgaKA, VOCALIC R, GAപ്രവൃത്തിpravRthti
കൃയkRyaKA, VOCALIC R, YAനേതൃയോഗംnEthRyOgam
ഋക്rkVOCALIC RഋണംrNam
rraRRAകറkarra
ക്റkrraKA, VIRAMA, RRAനെഹ്റുnehrru

Consonant Cluster

Consonant Cluster in a word is the sequence of English letters representing more than one consonant. As an example, the word in Mozhi, svam has the consonant cluster: sv - for consonants sa and va. This definition is used in sections below.

Chillu or Conjunct

A chillu-capable letter in a consonant cluster will not form a chillu if that cluster starts with the following sequence. (Please ignore the ending a which is to show the cluster in its simplest form):

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
ണ്ടNtaNNA, VIRAMA, TAമണ്ടmaNta
ണ്ഠNThaNNA, VIRAMA, THAകുണ്ഠിതംkuNThitham
ണ്ഡNDaNNA, VIRAMA, DDAപാണ്ഡുpaaNDu
ണ്ഢNDhaNNA, VIRAMA, DDHAണ്ഢNDha
ണ്ണNNaNNA, VIRAMA, NNAകണ്ണ്kaNN
ണ്മNmaNNA, VIRAMA, MAവെണ്മveNma
ണ്യNyaNNA, VIRAMA, YAനാണ്യംnaaNyam
ണ്വNvaNNA, VIRAMA, VAകണ്വൻkaNvan
ന്തnthaNA, VIRAMA, TAതന്തthantha
ന്ഥnthhaNA, VIRAMA, THAപാന്ഥൻpaanthhan
ന്ദndaNA, VIRAMA, DAനന്ദിnandi
ന്ധndhaNA, VIRAMA, DHAഅന്ധൻandhan
ന്നnnaNA, VIRAMA, NAപിന്നെpinne
ന്മnmaNA, VIRAMA, MAനന്മnanma
ന്യnyaNA, VIRAMA, YAഅന്യംanyam
ന്രnraNA, VIRAMA, RAന്രസ്ഥിnrasthhi
ന്വnvaNA, VIRAMA, VAഅന്വയംanvayam
മ്പmpaMA, VIRAMA, PAകമ്പംkampam
മ്മmmaMA, VIRAMA, MAഅമ്മamma
മ്യmyaMA, VIRAMA, YAരമ്യംramyam
മ്രmraMA, VIRAMA, RAകമ്രംkamram
മ്ലmlaMA, VIRAMA, LAഅമ്ലംamlam
മ്ളmLaMA, VIRAMA, LAഅമ്ളംamLam
ര്യryaRA, VIRAMA, YAഭാര്യbhaarya
ഋകrkaVOCALIC R, KAഋഗ്വേദംrgvaedam
ല്പlpaLA, VIRAMA, PAഅല്പംalpam
ല്യlyaLA, VIRAMA, YAഅഹല്യahalya
ല്ലllaLA, VIRAMA, LAഇല്ലilla
ള്യLyaLLA, VIRAMA, YAജാള്യംjaaLyam
ള്ളLLaLLA, VIRAMA, LLAഉള്ളuLLa

Following examples are for more than two consonants in a consonant cluster:

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
ണ്ഡ്യNDyaNNA, VIRAMA, DDA, VIRAMA, YAപാണ്ഡ്യൻpaaNDyan
ന്ത്ര്യnthryaNA, VIRAMA, TA, VIRAMA, RA, VIRAMA, YAസ്വാതന്ത്ര്യംsvaathanthryam

Exceptions

If a consonant cluster starts as then consonant A will form chillu. Example:

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
ൽപ്പlppaCHILLU L, PA, VIRAMA, PAഅൽപ്പംalppam

The മ്യ and മ്ര conjuncts are not formed if they follow സം. Example:

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
സംയsamyaSA, ANUSVARA, YAസംയോഗംsamyOgam
സംരsamraSA, ANUSVARA, RAസംരംഭംsamrambham

If മ്യ and മ്ര conjunct are required after , then please use _ to make it the word initial consonant cluster. Examples:

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
സമ്യsa-myaSA, MA, VIRAMA, YAസമ്യക്sa-myak
സമ്രsa-mraSA, MA, VIRAMA, RAസമ്രാട്ട്sa-mraattt

While writing ൻ്റ conjunct by nt.. sequence, n will produce Chillu-N as follows:

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
ൻ്റntaCHILLU N, VIRAMA, RRAഎൻ്റെente
ൻറnrraCHILLU N, RRAഎൻറോൾenrrOL

Explicit Chandrakkala Instead of Chillu

The ` (back quote) character can be used to get chandrakkala form instead of a chillu form. It can produce chandrakkala after U-sign as well. If ` is placed between two consonants, it would insert a ZWNJ after the virama to make the chandrakkala explicit.

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
ന്n`NA, VIRAMAഅവന്avan`
ന്n~NA, VIRAMAഅവന്avan~
നു്nu`NA, SIGN U, VIRAMAഅവനു്avanu`
നു്nu~NA, SIGN U, VIRAMAഅവനു്avanu~
ൽമlmaCHILLU L, MAവാൽമീകിvaalmeeki
ല്മl`maLA, VIRAMA, MAവാല്മീകിvaal`meeki
മ്അm`aMA, VIRAMA, Aമ്അദനിm`adani

Sometimes users type ` even when it is not required at the word endings. Those `s are always consumed.

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
ത്thA, TA, VIRAMAഅത്ath
ത്th`A, TA, VIRAMAഅത്ath`
ത്th~A, TA, VIRAMAഅത്ath~

Stand-alone Combining Marks

The chandrakkala character ` (back quote) in the word initial position can be used to get vowel signs without typing a base consonant.

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
`VIRAMA
~VIRAMA
`aaSIGN AA3-ാം3`aam
ി`iSIGN I

Separate Two Words Without Space

Use - (dash) to start a new sequence out of context from previously typed text. The same effect can be achieved by typing a space instead and then later removing it. This feature is useful for:

  • Get chillu letter in contexts where it would otherwise form a conjunct with the following consonant. Example: nna for ന്ന Vs n-na for ൻന.
  • Get a full vowel in-between a word

If just - alone is typed, then that will appear to the user and will be consumed only when the next character typed would behave differently if typed without a space before it. All vowel producing letters have above property. Examples:

MalayalamMozhiUnicode Character(s)Malayalam ExampleMozhi Example
ന്വnvaNA, VIRAMA, VAഅന്വയംanvayam
ൻവn-vaCHILLU N, VAപൊൻവിലpon-vila
ൻവn_vaCHILLU N, VAപൊൻവിലpon_vila
ങ്കnkaNGA, VIRAMA, KAപങ്കpanka
ൻകn-kaCHILLU N, KAഇൻകin-ka
ൻ-n-CHILLU N, -പൊൻ-pon-
ൻ_n_CHILLU N, -പൊൻ_pon_
ൻ-ഡn-DaCHILLU N, -, DDAആൻ-ഡ്An-D
ൾ്കL-`kaCHILLU LL, VIRAMA, KAൾ്കL-`ka